These books are not hosted on our servers and these books are material of their respective publishersorganizations. Thank you so much for taking the time to make these resources. I am greatly indebted to mary fieser for valuable technical assistance, for the drawings from which the wax plates were constructed, and for a preliminary draft of the scheme of qualitative analysis. It essentially involves dissolving a substance in an appropriate solvent and then having it come out of the solution in a crystalline form. Compounds of salicylic acid are found in some plants, notably white willow and meadowsweet spirea ulmaria. Free download organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, industrial chemistry, general chemistry, a level chemistry, igcse chemistry and other chemistry books in pdf. Cambridge international as and a level chemistry book free download pdf. Are you prepared for practical chemistry in the new alevel. If you will be calculating actual and theoretical yield, be sure to record how much salicylic acid you actually measured add 6 ml of acetic anhydride and 58 drops of 85% phosphoric acid to the flask. As part of your a level course you will be expected to prepare an organic solid, so even if youre not specifically making aspirin, a lot of the techniques and safety considerations are similar. For my chemistry alevel at college i have to do a research piece on different synthesis routes of aspirin from the starting material.
This is a process that can be used to purify a solid substance. When you stir the boiling tube, dont let the stirrer touch or strike the bottom of the tube. H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h 2 so 4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves heat the flask gently on the steam bath for at least 10 minutes. By questions on exam papers at the end of your a level there are likely to be questions in any of the three a level papers and on the as papers, if you are taking as chemistry that test your knowledge and understanding of practical work. To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. Edexcel chemistry alevel revision guideswith 3 comments. Practical 4 determination of an enthalpy of neutralisation. A2 chem aspirin practical help please the student room.
Synthesise aspirin from 2hydroxybenzoic acid practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by cleapss. You can find full details in most organic practical books. Lab books are not a requirement of the cpac endorsement or the aqa as and alevel. The method of making rubber stamps is the contribution of mr. Fieser sheldon emery professor of organic chemistry. Practical work in reformed alevel biology, chemistry and physics statement on practical work by glenys stacey, chief regulator at ofqual, april 2014 practical work and experimentation is at the heart of science. Cambridge international as and a level chemistry book pdf. In this experiment, phosphoric acid will be used as the catalyst. Chemistry practicals in the sixth form laboratory are mostly conducted in the fume cupboard. However the acid is too damaging on the mouth and stomach to.
Free download cie a level chemistry revision guide. A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction. Alevel applied sciencefinding out about substancestitration. Synthesise aspirin from 2hydroxybenzoic acid objectives to perform and explain the reactions of acid anhydrides to synthesise. The use of salicylic acid to alleviate pain has been known for thousands of years from the extracts of willow bark. Free download cambridge international as and a level.
The oxidation of an aromatic side chain does not require any of these factors. Practical 4 the preparation of aspirin practical 5 the preparation of ethyl ethanoate practical 6. Aqa chemistry practical purifying an organic liquid 8 terms. Free download cie a level chemistry revision guide a. As chemistry 9701 notes on practical exams slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Acetylsalicylic acid, also known as aspirin, is one of the most widely used medications to reduce fever and is also used as a pain killer. You need to buy the course textbook, a level chemistry for ocr a by ritchie and gent for study at home. Apr 22, 2014 as chemistry 9701 notes on practical exams slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. To help you get even better grades ive written a lot of ebooks, packed full of loads of excellent questions to help you study. Clamp a 50 cm3 roundbottomed flask so that it is partially submerged in the. The books shown below are recommended by teachers and students. A summary of the 12 required practical techniques needed for aqa a level chemistry.
The award of a separate practical endorsement at a level depends on successful completion of the experimental tasks set during the course. Practical work brings science to life, helping students make sense of the universe around them. Endorsed by cambridge international examinations, the second edition of the as a level chemistry coursebook comprehensively covers all the knowledge and skills students need for as a level chemistry 9701 first examination 2016. Practical work brings science to life, helping students make sense of the. Aspirin contains polar functional groups which can form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules. In the case of aqa, a separate endorsement of practical work will be awarded to candidates and written papers will assess the knowledge, understanding and skills exemplified by 12 key practical areas. Allow the conical flask to cool slowly and white needles of aspirin. I am not too sure about this, i made the aspirin using 2hydroxybenzoic acid and ethanoic anhydride using h2po4.
Aspirin synthesis routes and referencing for my chemistry a level at college i have to do a research piece on different synthesis routes of aspirin from the starting material. This is a simple example of an organic preparation, and is one of the most commonly used in a level chemistry courses. Most oxidations require either a heteroatom in a reduced state o in oh, n in nh 2, etc. Concentrated sulphuric acid is added slowly with lots of shaking and cooling to some ethanol in a flask. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. You can also buy a copy of this book via the royal society of chemistry online shop for. The crude product was dissolved in approximately 5ml of ethanol in a 100ml conical flask. Samples for titration must contain a known chemical so that a standard chemical can be chosen which will react with it. To help you get even better grades ive written a lot of ebooks, packed full. There is no coursework, but the exam papers include questions on practical skills. The excess acetic acid will be quenched with the addition of water. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances. The new draft a level chemistry specifications have recently been published and there have been substantial changes to the contribution and assessment of practical work.
H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h2so4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves. The preparation of aspirin core practical 10a stage 1. H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h 2 so 4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves. New gce aas level specifications in chemistry have been introduced for.
Oxidations are a very important class of reactions in organic chemistry. A level chemistry help underlying chemistry for aspirin making aspirin from salicylic acid. Practical 3 determination of an equilibrium constant. Solvent suitable for this recrystallisation process is a mixture of ethanol and water. Aspirin is only slightly soluble in water and acidic solutions such as is present in the stomach. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. However the acid is too damaging on the mouth and stomach to be taken directly pka1 2. Following this recommendation, at least two current general chemistry textbooks make liberal use of organic examples. Unit 5 practical course practical 1 determination of a rate equation 1. Ensure your students get to grips with the core practicals and develop the skills needed to succeed with an indepth assessmentdriven approach that builds and reinforces understanding. Click here to view some great books which can aid your learning. The average tablet contains about 325 milligrams of the active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid combined with an inert binding material such as starch.
The sample must not contain any impurities which would interfere with the main reaction. Alevel applied sciencesynthesising organic compounds. It is divided into separate sections for as and a level making it ideal for students studying both the as and the a level and also those taking the as. Oct 05, 2017 required practical for alevel chemistry. You may be asked to describe these experiments in details or be asked about reasons for doing individual steps. In the practical i had to make, purify and determine the mpt. For each of the papers below, there are revision notes, summary sheets, questions from past exam papers separated by topic and other worksheets. Practical science allows scientific theory to transform into deep knowledge and understanding scientific thinking.
Making halogenoalkanes from alcohols using hydrogen halides. Clamp the flask and suspend it in a beaker of water. I have said i was not going to produce a practical revision guide. Analytical, transition metals, electrochemistry and organic nirtrogen chemistry. Chemistry a2 aspirin thrombotic mechanism clarification a2 aspirin coursework aspirin synthesis chemistry a level aqa chemistry practical 10. Written by renowned experts in chemistry, the text is written in an accessible style with international learners in. Pdf this aim of this experiment focuses on the synthesis of pure aspirin. This guide includes details about the pags for alevel chemistry. The synthesis of aspirin procedure steps 3 5 were repeated twice more for two more titrations. Place a 250 cm3 beaker, halffilled with water, on top of a tripod and gauze. Practical guide aqa this guide includes details about the required practicals for alevel chemistry. Aspirin is synthesized through the reaction of salicylic acid with acetyl anhydride.
When adding naoh or nh 3 for ion testing, add a few drops first do. There is also a great similarity between acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides acid chlorides as far as these reactions are concerned. The first step of the synthesis involves mixing salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride. Theyre truly excellent and invaluable for revision. This page looks at the reactions of acid anhydrides with water, alcohols and phenols including the manufacture of aspirin.
Practical 6 using thin layer chromatography to separate the pigments in chlorophyll. Preparation of aspirin report 1 preparation of aspirin lab. Making aspirin in alevel chemistry meoncross school. Students undertake the synthesis and analysis of aspirin. Results at the end of the experiment, the result gotten should be a result of 40 60 % yield and a melting point that is around the theoretical melting point of aspirin, which is 5ac 6ac. Aspirin is the generic medical name for the chemical acetylsalicylic acid, a derivative of salicylic acid. Topic 17 carboxylic acids, amines, esters and acylation a. Aspirin is probably the most well known of the analgesic pain relieving agents.
Recrystallisation and melting point analysis recrystallisation. Pdf preparing a pure aspirin acetylsalicylic acid researchgate. Acetic anhydride reacts with salicylic acid to yield the ester aspirin. As chemistry practical exam notes linkedin slideshare. Care has to be taken because a great deal of heat is produced when the two are mixed, and there is a real risk of the ethanol boiling and spraying concentrated sulphuric acid around. Sep 6, 2014 free download cie as and a level chemistry revision guide in pdf edited by david bevan and published by hodder education.
Aspirin synthesis lab report by alissa lockwood on prezi. The purpose of this experiment was to make aspirin via esterification, and to determine the percent yield we as a lab group made. Add five drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixture in the flask. Preparation of aspirin report 1 preparation of aspirin.
To assay gases and solids the substances may be dissolved in a suitable solvent e. The starting material, for this synthesis, is 2hydroxybenzoic acid salicylic acid. Aspirin is the most widely used overthecounter drug in the world. One of my questions on the sheet bis \battempt to draw a mechanism for the reaction that occurs. Endorsed by cambridge international examinations, the second edition of the asa level chemistry coursebook comprehensively covers all the knowledge and skills students need for asa level chemistry 9701 first examination 2016. While our physical doors are currently closed, we are very much open to continue the education of all our students. The psa is designed to credit candidates for the practical work they undertake naturally as part of the course. Addition of potential lab book suppliers in appendix 2.
Unit 4 practical course practical 1 simple organic tests 1 practical 2 simple organic tests 2 practical 3 the preparation and identification of a 2,4dnph derivative practical 4 the preparation of aspirin practical 5 the preparation of ethyl ethanoate practical 6 using thin layer chromatography to separate the pigments in chlorophyll. Aspirin is more soluble in basic alkaline solutions, so it readily dissolves in the duodenum which is the first part of the intestine. Video tutorials created by a students covering the new ocr, aqa and edexcel spec are a great way to consolidate your revision and prepare you for your exams. It covers all the main specifications for the english and welsh awarding bodies, and should be particularly suitable for students approaching alevel from gcse science. An ester is a compound that is formed when an acid reacts with an alcohol, oh group. Thats why weve put practical work at the heart of our biology, chemistry and physics alevels. Learn about chemical reactions, elements, and the periodic table with these resources for students and teachers. The college provides lab coats, safety spectacles, goggles, books for class use, but you need to provide. This textbook has been updated to cover the new specifications for as and a2 chemistry, and improved with new features and rewritten material to enhance learning and increase accessibility. The crude product aspirin prepared is relatively impure and may be purified by recrystallisation. Jun 03, 2017 ph change when a strong base reacts with a weak acid. Just wondering, in the aqa practical guide it says that a test for ohions is that they are alkaline so turn blue litmus paper red. Make up a volumetric solution and carry out a simple acidbase titration.
The new draft alevel chemistry specifications have recently been published and there have been substantial changes to the contribution and assessment of practical work. Next, we have to prepare recrystallisation of aspirin. It also contains information about other experiments that often occur in alevel examinations. Practical work in reformed alevel biology, chemistry and physics. Quantitative analysis of aspirin further analysis conclusion the overall objectives of. These reactions are all considered together because their chemistry is so similar. Synthesis of aspirin experiment chemistry libretexts. If the liquid is pure it will have the boiling point referred to in data books.